Scoping review: Machine learning interventions in the management of healthcare systems

Background Healthcare institutions focus on improving the quality of life for end-users, with key performance indicators like access to essential medicines reflecting the effectiveness of management. Effective healthcare management involves planning, organizing, and controlling institutions built on human resources, data systems, service delivery, access to medicines, finance, and leadership. According to the World Health Organization, these elements must be balanced for an optimal healthcare system. Big data generated from healthcare institutions, including health records and genomic data, is crucial for smart staffing, decision-making, risk management, and patient engagement. Properly organizing and analysing this data is essential, and machine learning, a sub-field of artificial intelligence, can optimize these processes, leading to better overall healthcare management. Objectives This review examines the major applications of machine learning in healthcare management, the algorithms frequently used in data analysis, their limitations, and the evidence-based benefits of machine learning in healthcare. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and SCOPUS were searched for eligible articles published between 2011 and 2021. Articles had to be in English, peer-reviewed, and include relevant keywords like healthcare, management, and machine learning. Results Out of 51 relevant articles, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Identified algorithms include topic modelling, dynamic clustering, neural networks, decision trees, and ensemble classifiers, applied in areas such as electronic health records, chatbots, and multi-disease prediction. Conclusion Machine learning supports healthcare management by aiding decision-making, processing big data, and providing insights for system improvements.